以「善巧方便」為核心的《法華經》思想理念及其對當代佛教義學建構之可能價值

本文以東晉廬山慧遠大師（西元334-416年）向著名譯經大師鳩摩羅什（344-413）的提問開始討論，慧遠在向羅什的提問中，曾經提出《般若經》將般若、方便譬成鳥之雙翼的譬喻，並由此引發《般若經》與另一部著名大乘佛教經典《法華經》的思想貫通與差異的問題。本文據此，詳細分析了最早期般若經典《八千頌般若》中的這一譬喻，並徵引其他經中的證據，確證《般若經》確有將般若與善巧方便兩系思想並列並舉的重要思想理念。接下去作者重新詮釋《法華經》相關經文，論證《法華經》是初期大乘經典中以善巧方便一系概念及思想作為核心思想理念的經典，從而確證了有關方便思想在大乘佛教中極其重要的地位。作者在討論中，也力圖勾勒出在初期大乘思想發展中方便思想理念演繹的邏輯。最後，作者基於善巧方便這一菩薩智慧學原則，對於當代佛教義學何以可能的問題，也展開了別開生面的簡要討論。

關鍵字

法華經；般若經；善巧方便

並列摘要

In this paper, the author begins with the dialogue between Master Lushan Huiyuan (AD 334-416) and the famous Buddhist translator Master Kumarajiva (344-413) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Prajnaparamita Sutra proposed an analogy for the relation between Prajnaparamita and upayakausalya (skillful means) of a bodhisattva as the two wings of a bird, thus promoting discussion of the contrast between the Prajnaparamita Sutra and another famous Mahayana Buddhist classic, the Lotus Sutra. Based on this discussion, this paper tries to make a detailed analysis of the related analogy in the Astasahasrika prajnaparamita, the earliest Prajnaparamita Sutra. Meanwhile, the author also cites other evidence in this sutra to emphasize the similarity between Prajnaparamita and upayakausalya. Next, by reinterpreting the Lotus Sutra, the author demonstrates that concepts and thought related to skillful means are the core and most important ideas in this classic early Mahayana scripture. By doing so, our paper confirms the extremely important position of this special bodhisattva wisdom, skillful means, in Mahayana thought. The author also seeks to outline the logic of Mahayana thought based on upayakausalya. Finally, the author innovatively reveals the meaning of this kind of bodhisattva wisdom towards the contemporary construction of Buddhist thought.