从《士师记》的文学特征和神学蕴含看女性角色

A Literary Study in the Book of Judges and Its Theological Implications for the Issue of Women's roles

吴献章(Timothy San-Jam Wu)

《聖經文學研究》 1輯 (2007/11) Pp. 228-250

摘要

本文首先针对《士师记》第17至21章所载女性在无政府状态中被迫害、被虐待、被奸、被杀、被抢的种种残酷社会议题进行探讨；接着由《士师记》的文学手法，包括观点、时空、角色、布局、排场、情节、情景次序等，和修辞风格如重复、对比、平行、意象、双关语、省略、模糊、讽刺、交叉型架构、衬托、首尾呼应、伏笔、预示、预告、绰号等，来分析该书叙述者所描绘的主要角色如以笏、俄陀聂、基甸、耶弗他、参孙等“圆形”人物的性格和事迹。叙述者在本书精辟的“文以载道”意图中，巧妙地突显了乱世中巾帼英雄的女性角色，并详实地刻画全书社会悲剧的真实面貌和缘由—以色列的社会和政治问题不能单单从性别角度来剖析，整个《士师记》中的混乱乃来自信仰的堕落。当以色列背约，走上迦南人世俗化的路线而直接威胁到女性的自尊和安全时，势必导致尸骨不全、“肢”离破碎的结局。但是叙述者也呈现，进入士师“隧道”中堕落的以色列百姓的唯一盼望，乃是归向那位仍然信实守约、已经预备了完备救恩的上帝。

關鍵字

社会败坏 ； 女性主义 ； 首尾呼应 ； 交叉型架构 ； 圣经神学

並列摘要

This paper first explores social issues in the anarchic situation depicted in Judges 17-21 in which women are imposed upon, abused, raped, killed, abducted and treated in all sorts of cruel ways. Then the literary study of Judges is applied, including point of view, time and space, character, plot l circumstances, scene, and sequence etc., and also rhetoric techniques such as repetition, contrast, parallelisms, imagery l paronomasia, omission, ambiguity, irony, chiastic structure, foil, inclusio, hints l adumbration, annunciation, epithet l etc. These are used to analyze the book narrator's description of rounded characters such as Ehud, Othniel, Gideon, Jephthah and Samson and their deeds. The narrator brilliantly highlights the heroic role of women in the midst of chaotic times, and subtly depicts all the real, tragic situation of Israel and its social and political causes. These problems cannot solely be analysed in terms of gender issues; moreover, the entire confusion of the period of the Judges stems from the degeneration of belief. When Israel broke the covenant and went the way of secular Canaan, a direct. threat to women's self-esteem and security was bound to result in brokenness. Yet the narrator of Judges also shows that in the dark ＂tunnel＂ of the Judges period broken Israelite people's only hope is to return to God who still keeps faithful covenant, and who is there with complete salvation.

並列關鍵字

social corruption ； feminism ； inclusion ； chiastic structure ； biblical theology