试析亚兰文昂克罗斯圣经翻译的诠释风格：以《创世记》2:4-3:24为例

Approaching Targum Onkelos: An Analysis to Its Exegetical Features with Genesis 2:4-3:24 as the Testing Text

曹坚(Cao Jian)

《聖經文學研究》 4輯 (2010/05) Pp. 270-286

摘要

本文首先介绍亚兰文昂克罗斯圣经译本的背景和在中国研究该译本的意义；然后比照希伯来原文，对《创世记》2:4-3:24发生在神、亚当、夏娃和蛇之间的故事进行考察，并运用吉萨．韦尔米斯的圣经诠释理论对昂译的翻译和诠释特征进行分析和归纳，描述译者对原文依照怎样的方法做了哪些改动，并分析其中的原因。认为译者的改动可分为四种类型，分别是消除文本歧义、体现拉比神学、遵从社会伦理和糅合犹太经释。按韦尔米斯的分类，有些改动属于“纯粹型＂诠释，有些属于“应用型＂诠释，而有的则兼而有之。“纯粹型＂诠释多针对圣经希伯来原文文字表述上的疑难，以求达到意思清晰的效果。“应用型＂诠释的意图则在于依托圣经经文这一权威媒体，采用米德拉什中解释圣经的独特方法，使译文符合犹太教律法和道德伦理，以宣传和加强犹太信仰和意识形态，应对时代的挑战。

關鍵字

亚兰文昂克罗斯译本 ； 希伯来圣经 ； 犹太教 ； 圣经翻译与诠释

並列摘要

First, the article introduces to the Chinese audience some basic background knowledge about Targum Onkelos and the significance of the study of it even in China. Then, on the basis of intimate textual comparison between the Hebrew of the Masoretic Text and the Aramaic of Targum Onkelos with Genesis 2:4 to 3:24 as the testing ground, the article discussed the translating and exegetical features of Targum Onkelos. In terms of motivation and function, the textual deviations in Targum Onkelos are classified into four types, respectively intended to iron out textual difficulties, embody Rabbinic theology, defer to Jewish ethics, and blend the translation with Aggadic midrashim. In the light of Gesa Vermes' theory of Biblical exegesis, some deviations are ＂pure exegeses,＂ the others are ＂applied exegeses,＂ though the two theories could be overlapping. ＂Pure exegeses＂ are directed against textual difficulties at large with the aim for textual clarity and plainness, whereas ＂applied exegeses＂ mainly serve for the other three types of deviations to defend and strengthen Jewish faith and ethics in the times of challenges to Judaism.

並列關鍵字

Targum Onkelos ； the Masoretio Text ； Judaism ； Bible translating and exegesis