《申命记》22：13－29在近东律法处境下的解读

Interpretation of Deut 22:13-29 in Ancient Near Eastern Law Context

徐俊(XU Jun)

《聖經文學研究》 11輯 (2015/08) Pp. 305-323

摘要

《申命记》22：13－29以严密的结构形成一个整体，其中关于少女失贞和通奸的律法，应该置于近东律法的处境下来分析。该段经文的律法和近东律法既存在着相似，也存在着不同：父母可以凭借证据驳回丈夫对新娘的虚假指控（申22：13－21），通奸会给以色列群体带来罪，威胁到群体内的每一个成员（申22：22），男子给处女聘礼后，已许配的处女有责任捍卫自己的贞洁（申22：23－27），男子侵犯未许配的处女后，需要娶她为妻（申22：28－29）。从以色列律法发展的角度看，这些特点表现出神圣宗教律法对民事律法的影响，以及公共律法对家庭律法的逐渐取代。另一方面，从整部《申命记》律法看，它在维护传统家庭结构的基础上对家庭中的弱势群体进行了保护，却并未从根本上改变女性的从属地位。

關鍵字

《申命记》22：13－29 ； 以色列律法的发展 ； 近东律法

並列摘要

Deut 22:13-29 is a tightly knit literary integrity, in which laws relating to the adultery and virgin's illicit sex should be analyzed in ancient Near Eastern context. There are similarities and differences between laws in Deut 22:13-29 and that of ancient Near Eastern. Parents could protect their daughter from being falsely accused by taking evidences to the elders (Deut 22:13-21). The adultery constituted a sin which lay upon the whole community and endangered its very existence (Deut 22:22). The betrothed virgin bore unconditional responsibility for protecting her virginity from the time her husband paid her bride-price to the time he took full possession of her (Deut 22: 23-27). The man who raped an unbetrothed virgin should marry her (Deut 22:28-29). Viewed from the development of Israel law, those features reveal that Israel civil laws were influenced by divine sacral laws, and familial laws were replaced by communal laws gradually. On the other hand, the Deuteronomic family laws support the hierarchical and patrilineal structures of the family, and protect the rights of dependent family members. They do so, however, without challenging the subordinate status of women in any fundamental way.

並列關鍵字

Deut 22:13-29 ； development of Israel law ； ancient Near Eastern laws