This essay first revisits the history of the formation and interpretation of the Bible, so as to illustrate the interaction between scriptures and faith traditions. It then offers a comparative reading of the development of traditional Chinese scriptures, so as to bring to light the issue of the transmission of tradition in the study of scriptures. The essay shows how the emergence of biblical studies in contemporary Sino-Christian theology incorporates a dynamic interaction between the two traditions and tension between two identities (Christian and Chinese). Its development would have a profound influence on identity issues for participants in a modern pluralistic society, while presenting an opportunity for Christianity to root itself more deeply in China and influence the renewal of culture.