參與式設計應用於社區營造－如何在田野中形成對話平台

Participatory Design Applied in the Integrated Community Cultivation - How the Dialogue Platform is Established in the Field

劉秉鑫(Liu Ping-Hsin) ； 翁註重(Wong Ju-Joan)

《LSHI 2018聯結x共生:文化傳承與設計創新國際學術研討會論文集》 2018年 (2018/09) Pp. 287-296

https://doi.org/10.6891/9789865796648.201809.0023

摘要

參與式設計自1970年代發展至今，已有多方面討論，如在人機介面互動、社區營造以及設計相關領域；另一方面，參與式設計的優點、缺點、新興的解決方式-共同創造(co-creation)，以及如何與場域中的參與者建立夥伴關係等，也有所評述。但相關文獻中，鮮少有設計師進入場域後，如何與參與者建立對話平台的研究。從事社區營造的設計師在進入社區後，往往需要守門人(gatekeepers)或是代理人(agents)的引薦和中介來獲取社區居民的資訊；但取得的資料卻有可能會受到守門人或代理人影響，而無法取得居民更真實的意見。如何接觸更多的居民、廣納更多元的資訊，讓設計師與社區居民的主張、意見得以交流，建立雙方的對話平台就顯得相當重要。本研究以台灣澎湖縣望安鄉中社村的花宅聚落為例，因應場域的特殊性–人口外流、高齡化以及離島，使用參與式觀察法，實地觀察並融入花宅聚落，透過體驗、再現花宅聚落的傳統生活模式，並提出四種方式，開啟與社區居民的對話平台：(1)觸動社區共同歷史記憶；(2)新為主、舊為輔的技術共構；(3)被動且積極地參與社區所安排的「行程」；(4)設計師做為代間、空間的「介質」。

關鍵字

花宅聚落 ； 再現傳統生活 ； 對話平台

並列摘要

Participatory design has been discussed and reviewed in various aspects since the 1970s, it has been discussed in terms of human-computer interaction, community cultivation and design-related studies, including strengths and weaknesses, emerging modes of operation -- co-creation and issue of how to establish partnerships with participants in the field. A lot of studies have mentioned the importance to establish a relationship between designers and participants. However, why the participants take the advices of the designers, or how should designers establish a dialogue platform with the participants remain the questions to be answered. After designers who engage in the integrated community construction entering the community, further information tend to be obtained from gatekeepers or agents' mediation; however the information may be dominated by the gatekeepers or agents, unable to obtain more genuine opinions of residents. In order to receive diversified information and meeting with more residents, establish a dialogue platform between designers and community residents become necessary. This study takes Huazhai Settlement of Zhongshe Village in Wang'an Township, Penghu County, Taiwan as an example. Based on the unique features of the area, namely population outflow, aging, and offshore location, we used the ＂Participant Observation＂ to collect data., This study re-creates the traditional life style of Huazhai Settlement. It further proposes four ways to establish dialogue platform with the participant: (1) Touch common historical memories of the community: Aroused the attention of community residents, took the initiative to share technology, reproduced the historical memory, and established the dialogue platform gradually through communication; (2) New-assisted and old-based technology co-construction: Emerging technologies, as an aid to the local residents with wisdom, render more efficient life style and do not take credit from residents or lack of respect, giving them a sense of “being needed” and increasing the chances of building a dialogue platform; (3) Passively and actively accept the arrangements of the community: The role of designer and community participant should be shift at proper moments to get involved in the unexpected activities to truly integrate in the community and establish a dialogue platform: (4) As a mediator in generation and space: Through the experience of traditional life in Huazhai, extensively contacted with stakeholders or agents in the community, and mediated in the space (Huazhai- Kaohsiung) and intergenerational (old-young), it could get multiple opinions from more community residents. Establishing a platform dialogue between them will benefit the community residents' selfempowerment and expression of opinions in the future.

並列關鍵字

Huazhai Settlement ； reproduction of traditional life ； dialogue platform