「青年」與1928年的革命文學運動

＂Youth＂ and the revolutionary literature movement in 1928

姚玳玫(Yao Daimei)

《中國文學學報》 4期 (2013/12) Pp. 109-134

https://doi.org/10.6903/JCL.201312_(4).0005

摘要

該文討論「青年」與1928年革命文學運動的關係。文章認為，1928年初革命文學運動從醞釀到最終的形成，經過了革命話語動員、青年信仰群體培養、青年優勝價值確立和以青年為言說主體的革命文學倡導幾個階段。在這個過程中，「青年」作為一個虛擬性的社會群體，經歷了被說服（作為革命說服的對象）、被指派（被賦予革命的重任）到最終成為執行者（革命文學言說的主角）的角色轉換。具體以三個部分展開論述：首先，考察1923－1924年社會性的文學期待心理的變化。在革命動員和一系列文學觀念扭轉中，「青年」作為被說服的對象出現；其次，討論1925－1927年在「青年」與「老年」問題的論爭中，「青年優勝」觀念如何被確立；再次，分析1928年上半葉「青年」如何以革命文學倡導者的身份出現，其革命文學言說，如何遊走於「階級論」與「新舊交替論」之間。而實際上，這兩種說法中的「革命」一詞，其涵義並不一致。從而指出，這場革命文學運動之「革命」，與其說如倡導者們所解釋的指「無產階級革命」之「革命」，不如說指當時文化青年推翻偶像的一種造反行為。他們表達的並非一種政治經濟意義上的階級群體利益訴求，而更可能是一種文化意義上的後輩文化群體爭取話語權的訴求。

關鍵字

「青年」 ； 「革命」 ； 革命文學倡導

並列摘要

This study discusses the relation of youth and the revolutionary literature movement in 1928. It argues that at the beginning of 1928, the revolutionary literature movement, from its inception to its realization, progressed through mobilization of revolutionary speech, group cultivation of youth beliefs, confirmation of values of the superiority of youth, and establishing youth as the subject of enunciation of revolutionary literature. In this process, ＂youth＂ formed a virtual social group that went through role changes in a process of persuasion (becoming the object of revolutionary persuasion), assignment (were provided heavy revolutionary responsibilities), and in the end becoming executors (the subjects of revolutionary literary discourse). Concretely separating three sectors for discussion: first, the paper researches social changes in the period of 1923-1924 that were manifest in psychological expectations for literature. In revolutionary mobilization and in a series of literary concepts, a transformation occurred, and ＂youth＂ emerged as the object of persuasion. Next, it discusses the debates in the problems of ＂youth＂ and ＂elders＂ in the years from 1925-1927, and how the concept of ＂the superiority of youth＂ was established. Finally, the paper analyzes how, in the early part of 1928, the status of advocate of revolutionary literature appeared, and examines how their revolutionary literary discourse negotiated between ＂class analysis＂ and a theory of ＂replacing the old by the new.＂ Actually, the term ＂revolutionary＂ in these two ways of speaking did not have the same connotation in each. Therefore this study points out that, regarding the ＂revolution＂ in this revolutionary literature movement, it would be better to view it as oppositional action overthrowing the idols of the time, rather than to follow its advocates' explanation referring to a ＂revolution＂ in the sense of ＂revolution of the proletariats.＂ What they were expressing really was not a utilitarian demand on behalf of class groupings in a politico-economic sense, but rather more likely was a demand for the right to speak out on behalf of youth culture in the cultural sense.

並列關鍵字

＂Youth＂ ； ＂Revolution＂ ； The proposition of revolutionary literature