革命時代「學者」與「文人」的歧途－對顧頡剛與魯迅衝突的另一種探討

Divergent Pathways of Scholars and Literati in the Era of Revolution -An Alternative Explanation of the Conflicts between Gu Jie-gang and Lu Xun

林分份(Lin Fen-fen)

《中國文學學報》 6期 (2015/12) Pp. 371-393

https://doi.org/10.6903/JCL.201512_(6).0015

摘要

本文借助當事人日記、書信及相關史料，探討了顧頡剛、魯迅衝突之緣起的「內面」及其潛在的思想對話。在「學者」顧頡剛看來，「文人」魯迅的品性和作風，是導致自己與之衝突的主要原因；而在魯迅的鬥爭經驗中，顧頡剛、陳西瀅等「學者」「文人」黨同伐異的手段，則是使自己憎惡他們的根源所在。顧頡剛在國民革命和北伐戰爭時期，對「學者」身份及使命的認識，雖然有所觸動與反省，卻未曾真正動搖；而此時的魯迅，不僅拒絕「文學家」「文人」的稱號，反思文人學者對「革命」貢獻的有限性，而且嚮往實際「戰士」的身份。顧、魯衝突的「內面」，既展現了當事人信仰、情感的差異性，也呈現了後五四時代文化場域中知識分子思想分化、身份認同、「占位」競爭的複雜性。

關鍵字

學者 ； 文人 ； 革命時代 ； 衝突 ； 思想對話

並列摘要

With the analysis of their diaries, correspondence and related historical materials, this paper explores the ＂inner aspect＂ of the conflicts between Gu Jiegang and Lu Xun, as well as their underlying ideological dialogue. Gu Jiegang regarded himself as a ＂scholar＂ and believed that the main reason for the conflicts was Lu Xun's personality and behavior style as a ＂literatus＂. On the other hand, according to Lu Xun's struggle experience, he felt disgusted with the factionist style of the ＂scholars＂ or ＂literati＂ like Gu Jiegang and Chen Xiying. In the era of the National Revolution and the Northern Expedition Army War, Gu Jiegang's views about the identity and mission of ＂scholars＂ had never really changed, although he had some reflection about that. As for Lu Xun, he not only rejected the title of ＂literati＂, but also recognized the limits of contribution that the so-called ＂scholars＂ and ＂literati＂ had made to the ＂revolution.＂ He even aspired to be a real ＂fighter＂ in the revolution. The ＂inner aspect＂ of Gu-Lu conflicts showcased the differences between their faith and emotion, representing the complexity of intellectuals' divergence of ideas, identity conflicts and competition in the post-May Fourth period.

並列關鍵字

scholars ； literati ； era of revolution ； conflict ； ideological dialogue