臺灣北部地區國小自閉症兒童症狀表現、家庭背景變項與親職壓力關聯之初探

本研究主要目的在了解國小自閉症（Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD）學童的症狀表現、父母親職壓力、及其與家庭背景變項之關聯。為了驗證及比較ASD兒童與一般發展（Typical Development, TD）學童的表現差異，本研究收集臺灣北部國小112名ASD學童及32名TD學童的父母在「自閉症類群障礙檢核表華文版」（CASD-C）（時採測試版）及親職壓力量表簡式版（PSI/SF）之資料。資料分析方法包括描述性統計、卡方考驗、t考驗、以及多變量變異數分析（MANOVA）。研究結果顯示：（一）84.1%ASD組學童在CASD-C符合ASD範圍。（二）33%ASD組父母在PSI/SF有高總分。兩組在「親子失功能互動」和「困難兒童」分量表得分有差異；ASD組親職壓力顯著大於TD組。（三）ASD學童在CASD-C症狀表現與親職壓力相關，「情緒困擾」整體呈顯著相關；「社會互動」和「體覺困擾」則呈部分相關。（四）ASD組「家庭月收入」與親職壓力有顯著相關，月入2至3萬家庭的親職壓力最大。最後，本文依據結果指出相關研究限制並提供建議。

關鍵字

自閉症類群障礙檢核表；自閉症類群障礙；親職壓力；國小

並列摘要

This study aims to explore the relationships among the symptoms, parenting stress, and family background variables of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In order to verify and compare the performance differences between ASD children and Typical Development (TD) children, parents of 112 ASD children and 32 TD children in northern Taiwan were recruited and asked to complete the Checklist for ASD-Chinese Version (CASD-C) (testing-edition) and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI/SF). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, χ-square tests, t-tests, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results showed that (1) 84.1% of the ASD group fell in the ASD range in CASD-C; 96.9% of TD group fell in Normal range. (2) Group differences were found in PSI/SF subscales: "Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction" and "Difficult Children," and parenting stress of ASD parents was significantly greater than TD parents. (3) ASD children's symptoms were related to parental stress, and the overall dimension of "Mood" in CASD-C was significantly correlated, with "Problems with Social Interaction" and "Somatosensory Disturbance" partially correlated. (4) Only "monthly family income" was significantly correlated with ASD parental stress. ASD families with a monthly income of 20,000 to 30,000 NTD had the heaviest parental stress. Finally, relevant research limitations and suggestions are provided.

並列關鍵字

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ； Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder-Chinese Version, CASD-C) ； elementary school ； parenting stress

參考文獻

王南凱、吳岱穎、鄒國蘇、黃宜靜、郭冠良、吳逸帆、陳建志（2013）。淺談自閉症類群障礙。北市醫學雜誌，10（ 3 ）， 173-181 。 https://doi.org/10.6200/ TCMJ.2013.10.3.01

張正芬、吳佑佑（2006）。亞斯伯格症與高功能自閉症早期發展與目前症狀之初探。特殊教育研究學刊，31，139-164。https://doi.org/10.6172/BSE200609.3101007

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