國際法上不承認原則的法律定位：一個概念的再考察

The Legal Positioning of Non-Recognition Principle in International Law: Reexamination of A Concept

彭立言(Li-Yen Peng)

《台灣國際法學刊》 18卷1期 (2021/12) Pp. 41-75

摘要

學理上所謂的「不承認原則」，係指針對一國嚴重違反國際法上義務而生的事態，所拒絕授予承認的行為。自20世紀前半以來，國際實踐上就已累積了一些實踐案例，而許多論者亦根據這些案例，指出此一原則已經屬於習慣國際法，具備拘束力。然本文認為，目前為止的國家實踐，是否有足夠的一致性，仍有疑問。並且，聯合國雖曾有多項決議宣示不承認義務的存在；但這些決議是否係判斷習慣國際法存在的良好證據，也有可疑之處。因此，本文主張不承認原則的習慣法地位仍在發展中，而尚未明白確立。

關鍵字

承認 ； 不承認原則 ； 強行性規範

並列摘要

Theoretically speaking, the so-called 'principle of non-recognition' refers to the refusal of granting recognition to factual situations deriving from serious breaches of international legal obligations. There have been some cases surrounding this issue since the first half of the 20^(th) century, and many writers, according to these cases, contend that this principle has become part of customary international law. This article, nevertheless, argues that the consistency of these state practices remains doubtful. Furthermore, despite there being many UN resolutions affirming the legal status of such a principle, whether these resolutions serve as adequate proof for consistent state practices is also questionable. Consequently, this article concludes that the non-recognition principle's status as customary law still awaits future development and is, at present, far from certain.

並列關鍵字

recognition ； non-recognition principle ； peremptory norms

參考文獻

姜皇池，《國際公法導論》，新學林，2013 年

張孫福（2007），《由聯合國政治機關之決議論國際法上國家不承認原則之發展》，東吳大學法律學研究所博士論文

傅崑成，〈我國政府在英美國內法上之地位〉，《國立臺灣大學法學論叢》，第 23 卷第2 期，1994 年

Antunes, Nuno Sergio Marques ,"The Saga of East Timor: Non-Recognition, Territorial Acquisition and Realpolitik," Inter Alia: University of Durham Student Law Journal, Vol.9 (2004)

Aufricht, Hans, “Principles and Practices of Recognition by International Organizations”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 43 No.4 (1949)