星雲大師闡發不生不滅義理之恆廣價值－略說人工智能　證諸法自性「空」

The Lasting Value of Venerable Master Hsing Yun's Explication of the Theory of Non-arising and Non-ceasing: A General Discussion of Artificial Intelligence and the Realization of Emptiness of All Phenomena

鄧子美(Deng Zimei)

《《人間佛教叢書》2018星雲大師人間佛教理論實踐研究》 2018 (2019/05) Pp. 568-593

摘要

星雲大師對關乎佛教究竟的「空」義作了全面的闡發，融合了佛陀親說、初期大乘及漢傳義理。本文則不過是對「空」義能不斷接近而不能窮盡的詮釋，試圖點明世上一切都在變，具恆廣價值者唯有變這一「實相」，尤在當今世代。文中通過空義對世間諸法的肯定與對謬誤糾治的提示，修行就是化煩惱為菩提、以有明空、轉識成智三方面，證明星雲大師強調的諸法自性「空」。其結論以如今熱議的人工智能為例，力證人與人工智能皆自性「空」；並指出佛陀早已將古印度「聲明」、「因明」、「工巧明」、「醫方明」作為自性「空」的緣起解說，並且對這些外明都充分肯定，而這些正是現代科學認知的源頭之一，所以，現代科學知識也同樣可作為佛法的緣起解說。結論還提出：空義是超乎所謂確定性、不確定性之上的應變思惟。了悟空義才能恰當對待不可避免來臨的變化，並預防不測，因而能幫助人減少犯錯，甚至釀成災難的機率；「空」包含著未來無限的可能，了悟空義還可啟迪人們對宇宙與人的精神世界展開無窮的探索。

關鍵字

人間佛教 ； 星雲大師思想研究 ； 佛教的超越性 ； 諸法自性空 ； 人工智能

並列摘要

Venerable Master Hsing Yun integrated the Buddha's words with early-Mahayana and Chinese Buddhist theories in his explication of the cornerstone Buddhist philosophy of emptiness. This paper seeks to present an understanding, though may not wholly encapsulate the fullness of emptiness that this world, and everything in it is in constant change. It presupposes that the only thing eternal in reality, in this modern age, is change itself. This paper probes into the three aspects of emptiness of self-nature of all phenomena through an understanding of emptiness that affirms phenomena and offers corrections to some misconceptions. These three aspects, as emphasized by Venerable Master Hsing Yun, are: 1) cultivation as the transformation of affliction that leads to awakening; 2) use of understanding the nature of existence in understanding emptiness; 3) transformation of consciousness into wisdom. This paper concludes that artificial intelligence makes a strong argument for the inherently empty nature of humans and artificial intelligence. It points out that the Buddha already explained the dependent origination in inherent emptiness through the science of language, Buddhist logic, art, and medicine. Furthermore, he agreed with these empirical sciences which form the basis of modern science. Thus, modern science and knowledge can also be used in Buddhism's explanation of dependent origination. The conclusion also proposes that emptiness transcends the adaptive thinking of certainty and uncertainty. Only through understanding emptiness can one adequately approach the inevitability of change and prevent the unexpected. This can help people lessen their mistakes and even the likelihood of catastrophic disasters. Emptiness carries the limitless possibilities of the future, and understanding emptiness can spark an endless exploration into the universe and its relation to the spiritual world of humans.

並列關鍵字

Humanistic Buddhism ； research on Venerable Master Hsing Yun's thought ； Buddhist transcendentality ； the self-nature of phenomena are empty ； artificial intelligence