Developing new energy vehicles (NEVs) has been a trend in the transportation industry. In China, the central government and local governments have introduced a series of incentive policies to promote NEVs. By investigating 19 large and medium-sized cities in China, this paper analyzes the characteristics and evaluates the strengths of these policies. First, we summarize the incentive policies from 2010 to 2015 and divide them into explicit and implicit policies. Then, we establish models to assess the strengths of these policies. The results show that, explicit policies were implemented earlier and were widely applied, mainly appearing as purchase subsidy (PS). In contrast, implicit policies were implemented late and were distributed within a small range, showing diverse incentive modes. Moreover, the strength of explicit policies was stronger than that of implicit policies. The research conclusions are favorable for improving the incentive policies for NEVs.