This paper uses factor analysis method to analyze the consumption structure of urban residents in various regions of China, and uses the data of China Statistics 2017 statistical yearbook to explore the main factors affecting the consumption structure of urban residents from the structure and distribution, and puts forward the countermeasures to balance the consumption level of urban residents, improve the consumption structure of urban residents, and improve the consumption level of urban residents Put forward reasonable suggestions beneficial to economic development and guide residents' healthy consumption scientifically.