After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Marxism experienced a historical approach in Russia from denigration, stagnation of research to critical reflection, theoretical reconstruction to integration into the times, and rejuvenation and innovation. The basic problems studied by contemporary Russian Marxism have changed compared with traditional Marxism. The study of Russian Marxism in the 21st century presents the dual orientation of facing reality and returning to academic, and reconstructing historical materialism becomes the philosophical horizon and ideological basis for understanding and grasping the unique historical road and social reality of the Russian nation. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian philosophy embarked on a diversified development process. This kind of "pluralism" is manifested in the 21st century: the academic circles do not completely deny Marxist philosophy because of the disappearance of the monopoly position of Marxist philosophy, but regard it as a school. To study in the philosophical family of equal coexistence with other schools. The study of Russian Marxism in the 21st century has broad theoretical prospects and practical value both in Russia and in China.