Horizontal or vertical typography is one of the basic elements of Chinese publication design. Which is better, horizontal or vertical layout, has always been a matter of debate in China. From the perspective of visual communication efficiency, the pros and cons of layout design depend on whether the information can be disseminated quickly and effectively. In this regard, eye movement research is the most effective method. With qualitative and quantitative research of cognitive ergonomics, we can clarify unnecessary disputes between horizontal and vertical typography, thereby providing new scientific evidences for the innovation of Chinese typography.