In order to evaluate the operational safety of highway tunnels, a highway tunnel safety evaluation model is established based on the unassured measurement theory. First, 11 indicators were selected from 4 aspects of safety facilities, traffic flow, climate environment, and road conditions to establish the evaluation system and standards; based on the field survey data and historical data, the unknown measurement function of each indicator was established. Finally, through the verification of a highway tunnel in Chongqing. The results show that the established unascertained measurement model can truly and accurately evaluate the safety of highway tunnels, indicating that this method is feasible and can be popularized and applied in practical engineering.