At the beginning of the twentieth century, traditional Chinese painting was still in decline. As one of the key figures in the "Western learning to the east", Xu Beihong realized that new blood was necessary for Chinese painting to revive. He put forward his 'Theory of the Improvement of Chinese Painting', advocating the development of 'traditional Chinese painting', based on modern Chinese realist art, and the application of Western realism to Chinese painting. As the founder of modern Chinese art education, Xu Beihong's work and significance in art history will be assessed in an objective and scientific manner, with a view to providing reference value in terms of methodology and attitude in future studies of Chinese art history.