【論文摘要】Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women in Malaysia

Hapizah Mohd Nawawi ； Akmal Zulayla Mohd Zahid ； Roslina Mohamad ； Bee Wah Yap ； Anis Safura Ramli

《海峽循環醫學雜誌》 1卷2S期 (2019/09) Pp. 117-117

https://doi.org/10.6907/SCJ.201909/SP_1(2).0094

摘要

Background/Synopsis: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Malaysia. Various epidemiological studies have established that hypertension, diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidaemia as independent risk factors for CHD. There is currently lack of local data published on the prevalence of CHD risk factors especially among women in this region. Objectives/Purpose: The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of CHD risk factors among pre- and post-menopausal women in Malaysia. Methods/Results: This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among women aged between 18-65 years. Informed consent was obtained from all patient. Sociodemographic data was collected using questionnaire; while blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and venous blood samples were collected using standardized methods. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and odds-ratios (OR) were obtained using Chi-Square Test of Association for two categorical variables. This study was approved by the university ethics committee Ethic No: 600-RMI(5/1/6/01). A total of 2856 women participated in this study, 2123 (74.3%) were premenopausal and 733 (25.7%) were postmenopausal. The mean age was 31.76±10.43 years for premenopausal and 59.05±10.13 years for postmenopausal women. The prevalence of CHD risk factors were significantly higher in the postmenopausal compared to the premenopausal women; known hypertension (28.9% vs 3.2%, p＜0.001), newly diagnosed hypertension (28.5% vs 13.0%, p＜0.001), known diabetic (16.7% vs 2.5%, p＜0.001), newly diagnosed diabetic (4.0% vs 1.5%, p＜0.001), known hyperlipidaemia (20.2% vs 2.3%, p, ＜0.001) and newly diagnosed hyperlipidaemia (54.8% vs 38.1%, p＜0.001) and obesity (21.67% vs 25.31%, p ＜0.001). Postmenopausal women were more likely to have known hypertension (OR 17.65; CI 13.09-23.79); newly diagnosed hypertension (OR 4.32; CI 3.48-5.36); known diabetes (OR 7.96; CI 5.63-11.25); newly diagnosed diabetes (OR 3.17; CI 1.87-5.38); known hyperlipidaemia (OR 20.59; CI 14.25-29.74), newly diagnosed hyperlipidaemia (OR 3.42; CI 2.79-4.19) and obesity (OR 1.66; CI 1.29-2.15). Conclusion: This study revealed that hypertension, diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidaemia were highly prevalent among postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. Our study also revealed more than half of women in the postmenopausal group and more than one third of women in the premenopausal group were newly diagnosed with hyperlipidaemia. More than a quarter of the postmenopausal women were also newly diagnosed with hypertension. This highlights the extreme importance of regular health screening for blood pressure and cholesterol levels in all women particularly after menopause. Early and aggressive lifestyle intervention must be targeted towards women in order to prevent the rising prevalence of CHD risk factors and complications.