Multilateral trade exchanges with countries along the "the belt and road initiative" strategy have provided a broad market for the development of China's agricultural trade, and have also brought new opportunities and challenges. Starting from the current situation of agricultural products trade between China and the countries along the route, this paper analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and challenges brought by the implementation of the "the belt and road initiative" strategy to China's agricultural products trade, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures for the possible problems in trade with the countries along the route.