In recent years, with the connection of distributed power sources, the structure and the operation mode of the network have been more diverse and complicated. As a result, the difficulty in identifying faults in the distribution network and the amount of power grid construction have also increased. At the same time, DC power distribution technology has broken through rapidly and has gradually become a key technology in the distribution network because of the continuous development of high-power power electronics technology. This paper has referred to the research, including the protection of flexible DC distribution network and fault identification, both at home and board, main contents of this article are as follows: firstly, this paper introduces the development status of Flexible DC distribution network both at home and abroad. Then, it analyzes the fault characteristics of AC side fault and DC side fault on flexible DC distribution network, as well as the impact of different system grounding methods on fault characteristics. After that, the principle of flexible DC distribution network protection strategy, the fault identification and fault location are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each principle are simply analyzed. Finally, the challenges and difficulties faced in the development on flexible DC distribution network are presented in this paper.