The study of a system that can monitor air quality parameters in real time has practical significance for improving air quality and improving people's home environment. This article designs an air quality monitoring system based on a microcontroller, including STC89C52 microcontroller, temperature and humidity sensor, PM2.5 sensor, A/D0832 modulus, liquid crystal display, buzzer, etc. Use sensors to collect surrounding environmental data, display the real-time collected environmental data on the LCD display, and connect an external buzzer alarm module to buzzer when the preset temperature, humidity and haze concentration are exceeded. Hardware and software simulation tests are carried out on the overall monitoring system designed, and the results show that the overall system circuit is operating normally and the test data meets the design requirements.