In order to explore the influence of particle size on the shear properties of coarse-grained soil, 40 groups of direct shear tests were conducted on 3 kinds of coarse-grained soil with the same dry density by DHJ50-2 shear test machine. The results show that the change of shear strength with the increase of particle size is related to dry density and vertical load. Under low density and low vertical load, the shear strength decreases with the increase of particle size; the cohesive force does not show a single change relationship with the particle size; the internal friction angle increases with the increase of particle size; the larger the particle size, the stronger the restraint effect of vertical load and the greater the dilatancy. The research results have certain significance for the follow-up study on the shear properties of complex graded soil.