In recent years, nanomaterials have been widely used, and the concept of nano-enzyme has been gradually known by more and more people. However, the research on nano-enzyme is still at a relatively initial stage. Cerium oxide, as catalyst, can be used to catalyze various organic reactions, because of its good peroxidase activity, it has a good prospect in colorimetric detection. In this experiment, the rod-shaped cerium oxide nanomaterial was prepared by the REDOX reaction of cerium nitrate, and the influence of different conditions on the preparation of cerium oxide was studied. Finally, the decomposition performance of rod-shaped cerium oxide nano-enzyme for hydrogen peroxide was studied.