3D printing technology is a rapidly emerging new digital manufacturing technology. Because of its advantages of design freedom, mass customization, and rapid prototyping, it has broad application prospects in the fields of medicine, aerospace, automobiles, and food. With the increase in demand for precision and personalized medical care, 3D printing technology is gradually being applied to medical fields, such as implant manufacturing, diagnostic platforms, and drug delivery systems, and has become one of the more cutting-edge research fields. Its personalized The customized features enable 3D printing technology to prepare corresponding medical products according to the patient's condition to help patients recover. Therefore, this article outlines the development of 3D printing technology, classifies and introduces the medical materials that can be used for 3D printing, and the application of 3D printing technology in the medical field. However, 3D printed implants are static and inanimate, and cannot be adapted to the changes in the internal environment. 4D printing can produce "active" and more complex structures that are very similar to natural tissue structures. The engineered organization structure inherits the advantages of 3D printing technology and at the same time makes up for some of the shortcomings of the existing 3D printing. It will have a broader application prospect in the medical field in the future.