With the rapid development of the textile industry, resulting in the continuous increase of pollution wastewater discharge, has become one of the highest degree of chemical pollution in the world. It is estimated that nearly two-thirds of the dyes produced in the world each year are used in the textile industry. A large amount of dye wastewater is discharged into the nature, causing damage to the ecological environment, so it is of great significance to study how to treat dye wastewater efficiently. At present, the biological treatment method of dye wastewater is an economic and effective, environmentally friendly environmental treatment method, can be biological adsorption or biodegradation of printing and dyeing wastewater by microbial cells, as well as biological secondary degradation of harmful by-products. Under certain environmental conditions, some microorganisms can degrade printing and dyeing wastewater into colorless decomposition products, partially or even completely mineralize these metabolites.