Based on the latest research development of dielectric loss and dielectric relaxation, we have carried out experiments and research analysis on the dielectric properties under alternating electric field. This paper mainly expounds the characteristics of dielectric loss under alternating electric field, and carries out related calculations and derivations. Conduct experimental studies and variation analysis on loss sources. For the dielectric relaxation, we propose Cole-Cole(CC) model and Havriliak-Negami(HN) model, and obtain the relevant selection scheme under the test.