Similar materials are the basis of physical model tests. The research on similar materials is helpful to promote the development of various geological environment model tests. This paper summarizes the research results of similar materials at home and abroad; The determination principles of main physical and mechanical indexes in the manufacturing process of similar materials are expounded: the performance parameters of similar materials should be coordinated according to the research purpose of model test; The adjustment method of similar material control index is described: the sensitivity analysis of similar material control index is carried out to determine its main influencing factors, and on this basis, multiple regression analysis is carried out.