In order to obtain modified cellulose-based hydrogel with excellent properties, the better process of gel preparation was determined by controlling the single factor condition. A cellulose matrix was prepared by dispersing Nano-SiO2 in NaOH/urea liquid system and adding modified cellulose (CMC) under freezing conditions. In the matrix, crosslinking agent epoxy chloropropane was added to cross the hydroxyl group of cellulose to construct cellulose chemical gel, and the gel was tested for mechanics, infrared, swelling and so on. The results showed that in a certain amount of nano-SiO2 dispersed in the NaOH/urea liquid system, stirring 6 h, dissolving cellulose under freezing conditions, adding 2 mL crosslinking agent, adding 1g chitosan, drying 6 h under 60 ℃ conditions to improve, replacing 2 mL epoxy chloropropane with 1.5 mL epichlorohydrin, 0.5 g chitosan and 0.5 g citric acid. The preparation of gel performance is the best.