The new edition of the New Curriculum Standard for Chemistry in Senior High School in 2017 was officially issued by the Ministry of Education of China. The new "Chemistry course Standard of General Senior Middle School" clearly puts forward the "training of senior high school students' chemistry thinking and practical ability". The chemical thinking here mainly refers to the comprehensive thinking ability to absorb and integrate the chemical concepts and related theories. However, the cultivation of this comprehensive thinking ability requires chemistry teachers to develop their thinking ability of comprehensive analysis step by adopting certain classroom guidance skills to maximize the chemistry core literacy of high school students, the author thinks that one kind of education method that is more suitable for senior high school chemistry teachers at present is concept map. The theoretical source of concept map is the schema theory in language teaching. The theory emphasizes the cultivation of students' ability of inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning through the form of conceptual mapping indeed. The core of this paper is to try to cultivate the "comprehensive thinking ability" of high school students through the guidance of concept map so as to promote the teaching efficiency of chemistry teaching.