Objectives: The introduction of a time‐constrained diffusion model in physics was proposed based on the timeliness of microblog information in typhoon disasters, so that the most valuable information can be delivered most efficiently to people who need it the most. Methods: We used Python tools to search for the relevant data on the microblog. Next, on the basis of thermal diffusion model in physics, a time‐constrained information diffusion model was proposed, and the influence maximization method based on greedy algorithm was improved and optimized from the initial trigger node selection. Results: The experimental results show that the method is superior to the comparison method in terms of information diffusion within specific time limits. Thus, it is more suitable for the actual situations of information dissemination in typhoon disaster. Conclusions: The model in the paper takes into account of the information diffusion model and the influence maximization algorithm from the aspect of time limitation, and it presents more obvious effect in the specific situation of typhoon disaster.