社區災害韌性的探討：以莫拉克颱風災區重建為例

Community Disaster Resilience: Case Study of the Disaster Area of Typhoon Morakot

曾敏惠(Min-Hui Tseng) ； 吳郁玶(Yu-Ping Wu) ； 鄧傳忠(Chuan-Zhong Deng) ； 陳宏宇(Hongey Chen)

《地理學報》 99期 (2021/08) Pp. 1-31

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.202108_(99).0001

摘要

本文以莫拉克颱風侵襲南臺灣受災社區為案例，在莫拉克颱風屆滿十年後，來檢視7個社區在災後復原的重建過程中，其韌性的變化與差異，並探究造成差異的可能因素。本研究採量化分析與半結構式之深度訪談法，並搭配參與觀察法來進行此社區災害韌性的評估。研究結果發現，這些社區的災害韌性具有別於國外案例的特性，尤其在重建期間，政府部門及學界對於社區產業提供的專業輔導、軟硬體投注，以及各項就業服務等計畫，對於產業與經濟面向皆具有正面的影響，在災後回復的過程中，也發現交通路網的通暢與地方產業經濟復甦之間，具有高度的正相關性。另外，災後人口變化與社區距離市區的方便性有關，而原居地與永久屋基地的距離及遷村人口比例的多寡，也是影響原社區人口增減趨勢的因素之一，同時聯外道路的回復也有助於受災社區人口的回流。國內政府單位在重建期間投注的社區防減災計畫，建立預防性的疏散撤離機制，使社區的防災態度與自主性方面，相較風災前，有著顯著的轉變與成長。

關鍵字

韌性 ； 社區災害韌性 ； 復原重建 ； 莫拉克颱風

並列摘要

This study takes 7 communities stricken by Typhoon Morakot in 2010 as cases to explore the changes and differences in disaster resilience during the post-disaster recovery process. The research methods include semi-structured qualitative interviews, secondary data analysis and participant observation. Economically, governments and academics provided professional counseling, hardware, as well as various employment services and other program plans. This study finds a significantly positive correlation between convenience of the transportation network and the development of local industries and economy. Demographically, the factor that most significantly affected population change after the disaster was the distance between the community and the nearest large city, and thus the convenience of interaction between them. Additionally, two factors affected the trend population growth, namely the distance between permanent house and original community location, and the relative population sizes of the relocated villages. [OK? Check meaning] The community-based disaster management program and preventive evacuation mechanism implemented by the governments positively encouraged the attitudes of the communities in disaster management.

並列關鍵字

Resilience ； community disaster resilience ； recovery ； Typhoon Morakot

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