A Study of Human Freedom under the Theory of World History

In the theory of world history, Hegel regarded the development of ＂rational consciousness＂ as the history of the formation of world history and the history of human emancipation. Human emancipation is a process of pure pursuit of ＂free will＂ at the cost of human self‐sacrifice, while man is only a means and an instrument for ＂reason＂ to realize itself. For Marx, on the other hand, world history was driven by the elements of productive forces, division of labor, capital, and general interaction among people, and the original history of national regions began to be transformed into world history. The subject of world history is man, and the realization of human liberation is the ultimate goal of world history. However, at the beginning of the world's history, man was not free and was enslaved by capital because he did not possess the means of production. The overthrow of capital and the free and comprehensive development of man can be achieved only through the development of the productive forces and the action of union among the proletarians.