習近平推動國防與軍隊改革「三大戰役」之研析

自習近平成為中國第五代領導人以來，就積極推行國防與軍隊改革（以下簡稱軍改）。中國共產黨於2013年11月12日召開第十八屆中央委員會第三次全體會議，通過《中共中央關於全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》，其中決議內容共有16項，而「深化國防和軍隊改革」被列為其中之一。加上在習近平企圖將解放軍建設為世界一流軍隊的「強軍思想」指導下，中國因此在2015年「實施深化國防和軍隊改革」規劃中提出「領導指揮體制改革」、「規模結構和力量編成改革」與「軍事政策制度改革」等三項重大改革，習近平更將這三大改革視為重新建構解放軍的「三大戰役」。在2019年的第五次「深化國防和軍隊改革領導小組」會議更強調，要深入貫徹習近平和中央軍委的軍改方向，完成軍改「三大戰役」任務。由此可見，習近平推動軍改將是解放軍脫胎換骨邁向軍事現代化的重要政策。而本文所要探討的是，中國進行這次軍改的進展與成效為何？對解放軍戰力提升是否有絕對性的影響？

關鍵字

中國軍改；三大戰役；現代化建軍；軍事政策制度

並列摘要

This research investigates the progress and effectiveness of China's defense and military reforms under Xi Jinping with the approach of document analysis. Since November 2012, when Xi became the fifth-generation leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), he has been actively pursuing reforms in national defense and the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Under the guidance of Xi's ＂strong military＂ thinking, the CCP presented three major reforms in its major plan of ＂Implementation of Deepening National Defense and Military Reforms＂ in 2005: including ＂reforms of leadership and command system,＂＂reforms of scale, structure and strength formation＂ and ＂reforms of military policy system＂. Xi also regarded the three reforms as the ＂three major battles＂ to rebuild the PLA. The Beijing authorities attached great importance to the military reforms, and the leading group for ＂Deepening National Defense and Military Reforms＂ had already held nine meetings to promote the reforms from March 15, 2014 to August 31, 2019. The ＂three major battles＂ for the reforms of the CCP's national defense and military affairs can be an important opportunity for the CCP to move towards military modernization. Therefore, this research tries to explore two questions including: what is the progress and effectiveness of the three battles for CCP's military reforms? Does it have an absolute impact on the improvement of PLA's military effectiveness?