國家資本主義下的部門利益：以中國大陸上海自由貿易試驗區為例

楊慧儀

《第十屆發展研究年會　台灣經驗2.0：在地與全球的發展研究與實踐》 2018 (2018/10) Pp. 1103-1114

https://doi.org/10.6392/ACDS.201810.0042

摘要

根據中國大陸商務部的規劃，上海自由貿易試驗區（自貿區）以吸引外資為主要目標，但相關經濟數據顯示其所吸引外資比例低於內資比例。相關既有文獻主張中央政府在經濟政策上對於地方政府有絕對的控制能力，然而卻對前述現象無法提出一個合理的解釋。為回答「為什麼地方政府執行政策時能夠脫離中央政府所委託的經濟任務。」本論文擬採碎裂式威權主義理論架構，並假設當政策所涉及的部門利益越不一致，自貿區的吸引外資額度越低。本論文具有實務與理論上的重要性，在實務上身為示範的上海自貿區成效若未能準確掌握，將難以複製成功經驗到各自貿區試點，故釐清影響上海自貿區成效的因素尤為重要。在理論上本論文援引碎裂式威權主義理論架構分析中國大陸自貿區，以此填補為何國家資本主義下仍出現部門利益競爭的現象。

關鍵字

中國大陸 ； 上海自由貿易試驗區 ； 部門利益 ； 碎裂式威權主義 ； 國企改革

並列摘要

According to the planning of the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, the Shanghai Free Trade Zone (Free Trade Zone) is mainly aimed at attracting foreign investment, but relevant economic data shows that the proportion of foreign investment attracted is lower than that of domestic capital. Relevant existing literature argues that the central government has absolute control over local governments in economic policy, but it cannot provide a reasonable explanation for the aforementioned phenomena. To answer ＂why local governments can break away from the economic tasks entrusted by the central government when implementing policies.＂ This paper intends to adopt a fragmented authoritarian theoretical framework and assume that the more inconsistent interests of the sectors involved in the policy, the foreign investment in the free trade zone. The lower the amount. This paper has practical and theoretical importance. If the results of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, which is a demonstration in practice, cannot be accurately grasped, it will be difficult to replicate successful experiences to pilot in their respective trade zones. Therefore, it is particularly clear that the factors affecting the effectiveness of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone are important. In theory, this paper cites the fragmented authoritarian theoretical framework to analyze the China Free Trade Zone, thus filling in the phenomenon of the fact that there is still sectoral competition under state capitalism.