從解說員培訓角度探討山區部落居民參與生態旅遊的態度

The Attitude of Tribe Residents to Participate in Ecotourism: From the Perspective of Training Local Interpreters

許澤宇(Che-Yu Hsui) ； 陳儒賢(Lu-Hsien Chen) ； 黃彥霖(Yen-lin Huang)

《旅遊管理研究》 12卷1期 (2021/12) Pp. 43-66

https://doi.org/10.6934/TMR.202112_12(1).0003

摘要

解說是促進永續生態旅遊之核心要素，透過解說，不但能提升遊客旅遊之體驗，並能藉由遊客對景點之欣賞與喜愛，進一步啟發其對旅遊環境保護之熱誠。因此，對於管理者和遊客而言，解說被視為是一種「雙贏」的管理策略。然在那些屬於相對未受干擾且交通相對不便之生態旅遊景點，解說活動之提供常是力有未逮，社區居民之參與亦是屈指可數。有鑒於此，本研究擬就社區居民之觀點，探究其參與生態旅遊活動之解說意願及實務上所面臨之困難。研究以質性方法中之深度訪談配合實地觀察進行，以嘉義阿里山特富野部落為調查研究對象。研究結果發現，當地社區居民對於參與遊客的解說服務意願不高，其原因有四。第一，當地社區居民對於生態旅遊認知程度不高、第二，解說服務所產生的直接利得有限致誘因不足、第三，公部門對原住民部落解說培力尚嫌不足、第四，部落內之組成菁英份子對生態旅遊尚缺乏共識。本研究之管理意涵如下：若原住民生活範圍內之資源適合透過生態旅遊作為環境保育之途徑，則應考量生態旅遊解說活動所帶來之外部效益；初期政府應積極與利害關係者協商生態旅遊之運作，介入原民部落解說培力，扶持生態旅遊之解說市場，以導正可能之市場失靈。在軟、硬體資源配置方面，建議公部門間應建立橫向連結機制，對解說服務予以重新檢視，始有機會達到生態旅遊之功能。

關鍵字

生態旅遊 ； 解說 ； 社區 ； 阿里山

並列摘要

Interpretation is the core element of promoting sustainable eco-tourism. Through interpretation, it not only enhances the tourist experience of tourists, but also further inspires tourists' enthusiasm for environmental protection through their appreciation and love of scenic spots. Therefore, for managers and tourists, interpretation is regarded as a ＂win-win＂ management strategy. However, in those ecotourism attractions that are relatively undisturbed and relatively inconvenient in transportation, the provision of interpretive activities is often insufficient, and the participation of community residents is also very few. Therefore, this study intends to explore the interpretation willingness and practical difficulties faced by community residents in participating in ecotourism. The research was conducted with in-depth interviews in qualitative methods and field observations, with the Tefuye tribe of Alishan in Chiayi as the research case. The results of the study found that there are four reasons why local residents are not willing to provide or participate interpretive services. First, the local community residents do not have a high level of awareness of ecotourism. Second, the direct benefits generated by the interpretation service are limited and the incentives are insufficient. Third, the empowerment of the interpretation of the aboriginal from the public sector is not enough. Fourth, the elites of the community still lack a consensus on the development of ecotourism. The management implications of this study are as follows: If ecotourism is suitable as an approach for the conservation of local resources, the external benefits of the interpretation of ecotourism should be considered; government have to initiate and promote the ecotourism and negotiate with stakeholders, involve the empowerment of the interpretation, supports the interpretive market of ecotourism, and corrects possible market failures. In terms of the allocation of soft and hardware resources, it is recommended that the public sector should establish a horizontal connection mechanism and review the interpretation service before it has a chance to achieve the function of ecotourism.

並列關鍵字

Ecotourism ； Interpretation ； Community ； Alishan