評析文化資產保存法的古蹟指定與其公益犧牲補償之法律漏洞問題─以最高行政法院判決96年度判字第569號為中心

最高行政法院判決96年度判字第569號認為，臺北市政府公告指定國立臺灣師範大學所有行政大樓、文薈廳、普字樓為臺北市市定古蹟之處分，並無違誤，因將原訴願決定及原行政處分均予維持，駁回國立臺灣師範大學之訴。吾人支持與肯定最高行政法院之見解。臺北市政府公告指定國立臺灣師範大學就所有之行政大樓、文薈廳、普字樓為臺北市市定古蹟，其公告指定市定古蹟之法律性質為行政處分。此外，不論從臺北市政府發動古蹟指定審查之職權與程序、臺北市審查指定市定古蹟之地方自治事項職權、「臺北市市定古蹟指定暨歷史建築登錄作業要點」及「臺北市古蹟暨歷史建築審查委員會設置要點」、臺北市市定古蹟指定專業審查之判斷餘地等之面向，皆證明公告指定市定古蹟之該行政處分具有合法性。遍查民國94年2月5日最新修正的文化資產保存法之規定，未見有其「公益犧牲之補償規定」作為配套措施。人民因國家公權力之行使，使其財產權產生「公益犧牲」而受有損失者，主管機關應給與其合理補償，不僅從德國法制，也從我國相關明文規定，已經推論出成為一般法原則，甚至於個別法規已將此原則具體落實與明文化。故國立臺灣師範大學受到市定古蹟之行政處分，限制其財產權使用，使其產生「公益犧牲」而受有損失者，臺北市政府應給與其合理補償。

關鍵字

文化資產；保存；古蹟指定；公益犧牲；補償

並列摘要

The decision No. 2007/569 from the highst Court of Administration in Taiwan hat supported and affirmed that the bulletin of Taipeh city government hat named many monumental buildings as high Spots in National Taiwan Normal University. Therefore, the highst Court of Administration hat keeped the decision of administrant appeal, but rejected the administrant litigation from the claimant- National Taiwan Normal University-. I believe the the decision No. 2007/569, too. The authorities must exert the governmental forces on the people, whose properties have incurred public sacrifice, for which the authorities hat to render these people the reasonable compensations of their damage. The principle of the reasonable compensation in case of the public sacrifice from governmental forces can deduce from not only germany legal systems but also our laws in Taiwan. Eeven particularly different each administration laws have carried out such principle into written provisions in laws in Taiwan. Finaaly, the many monumental buildings in National Taiwan Normal University were by the decision of Taipeh city hall named as high Spots, and National Taiwan Normal University should attain the reasonable compensation in case of the public sacrifice from governmental forces.