違法指定古蹟的行政處分之撤銷－無國家責任？－評析臺灣臺南地方法院民事判決八十五年度重國字第一號

Contested Administrative Decisions for the Unjustified Designation of Buildings as Cultural Heritage-No State Responsibility for Unjustified Damages? Analysis of Decision Number 1996/1 by Tainan District Civil Court in Taiwan

王服清(Wang, Fu-Ching)

《文化資產保存學刊》 5期 (2008/09) Pp. 48-59

https://doi.org/10.6941/JCHC.200809_(5).0004

摘要

臺灣臺南地方法院民事判決八十五年度重國字第一號：「本認定系爭建物為古蹟之行政處分，既因程序上之瑕疪，而被撤銷，自不能執此即謂被告機關之公務員有何故意或過失不法侵害人民之自由或權利之情事，而謂被告應負損害賠償責任。況是否應列為古蹟，本難期待人人評價相同，自不能因與原告之評價有異，即謂參與評鑑者有故意或過失，而令被告負國家賠償責任。」依據上述之判決意旨，似乎認為人民之財產權受到「不合法行政處分」之侵害，僅得斟酌是否得請求國家賠償，而無請求損失補償之可能。吾人主張認為：「凡是人民之財產權受到不合法行政處分之侵害，而此侵害雖然無法律明文損失補償之規定，只要已超過人民就公權力措施行使應容忍的界限，其就得依據「類似徵收侵犯」理論，提起一般給付訴訟合併於行政撤銷訴訟，請求國家予以損失補償」。吾人為解決上述疑問與立論，故有撰寫本文闡明之必要性。

關鍵字

指定古蹟 ； 行政處分 ； 類似徵收侵犯 ； 損失補償 ； 行政訴訟

並列摘要

The decision by the Tainan District Civil Court of Taiwan (No. 1996/1) has affirmed that the State is not responsible for the indemnification of legal damages arising from the revoking of an administrative decision concerning illegal designation of cultural heritage buildings. Nevertheless, this author believes that the State should be responsible for financial compensation of damages. If government exerts unjustified authority over the people in the form of ＂analogous expropriation of property rights＂, then they have a duty to render reasonable compensation for the damages incurred. The principle of ＂reasonable compensation＂ in case of governmental analogous expropriation of property rights can be deduced not only from similarities with German law, but also from existing Taiwanese laws. Finally, where buildings and sites have been mistakenly assigned ＂protected＂ status, appropriate compensation should be awarded if this unjustified designation is revoked.

並列關鍵字

Designation of Monuments ； Administrative Disciplinary Decision ； Governmental Analogous Expropriation ； Compensation ； Administrative Action

參考文獻

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