文化資產之知識產權保護與文物交易

知識產權在文化資產的應用與相關法務因所涉及之人文層面較廣，所以容許個別差異性較多。國際相關組織與各國甚至各區域或個別文化即便有大體上共識，卻也容許個別文化對資產保護的獨立發展。本文從專利與法務的角度出發，對於修復技術之發明專利、公有文物之肖像權、文物衍生品之新型專利、文物衍生品之商標權、私有文物交易自由與進出口管制、公有或私有文物複製／衍生商品法規之合理性做了說明與探討；對於為何文化資產之特點進入知識產權標的之界定會有疑慮的部份也從法律觀點做了相當的分析。本文另外引用實際案例來對文化資產的可專利技術做介紹。針對台灣與中國地區的文物交易法規也以實務觀點作剖析預測以利業界執行商務之應用。

關鍵字

知識產權；文化資產；商標；專利；交易

並列摘要

On the humanistic front, the application of intellectual property law and related legal problems on cultural heritage is much more complex and individual considerations is allowed. International organizations and treaties provided only guidelines for common consensus and there is a lack of enforcement system to assure the implementation of laws on cultural heritage's intellectual property rights. In this paper, the patent applications regarding the repairing techniques, copy rights of the government owned objects, design patents derived from the known cultural objects, trading marks derived from the known cultural objects, regulations regarding the trading for private antiques, and the replications of government owned cultural objects, are presented from the patent and legal considerations. The considerations and conflicts which obstructed the cultural objects from current intellectual property rights system are analyzed. Actual examples are presented in this paper for patentability discussion. For enterprises involving cultural objects tradings, the related trading regulations of Taiwan and China are briefly introduced for real applications.

並列關鍵字

Intellectual Property Rights ； Culture Heritage ； Trade Mark ； Patent ； Trading

參考文獻

WIPO:2000.4: (Intellectual property needs and expectations of Traditional Knowledge Holders-World Intellectual Property Organizations Report on Fact-finding Missions on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge) 2001

Google Scholar

http://www.wipo.int/tk/studies/cultural/expressions/preface/index.html: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) announced Model provisions for National Laws on the Protection of Expressions of Folklore Against Ilicit Exploitation and Other Prejudicial Actions