沉浸與慎始－從傳統蒙學談現代語文教育初始要點

Permeating and Discreet Start-Talk about the Primarily Point of Modern initial Chinese Education from Traditional Enlightened Education

周碧香

《語文教育學報》 4期 (2018/12) Pp. 21-48

摘要

在21世紀，國民的腦力等於國家的競爭力，閱讀即是培養腦力的重要手段，而閱讀建立在識字、正確語義理解的基礎上。本文從現代語文教育初始的困惑談起，認為識字可以先於注音符號學習。梳理傳統蒙學識字，思考讀經與識字之間的關係。傳統蒙學先識後讀、先讀後講、讀寫分流，注重連結漢字形音義，考量漢語特質，以誦讀記憶知識等，是一種綜合性、統整性的識字方法。傳統蒙學可為今日語文教育提供經驗，尤其注重早期教育，主張識字能力必須在家庭養成的觀點，發人深省，成為當前語文教育往下札根的重要依據，讀經與識字實可相輔相成。語文是一個生命個體重要的能力，知古而鑒今，在語文教育的初始階段，身為父母、師長應當有正確的理解，幫助孩子奠定良好的學習能力，是本文寫作的目的，希冀為語文教育略盡棉薄之力。

關鍵字

語文教育 ； 初始 ； 識字 ； 傳統蒙學 ； 注音符號

並列摘要

In 21th century, a nation's competitiveness is equal to nationals' knowledge. To nurture nationals' knowledge, reading is an important medium. And reading is based on knowing the character and understanding the meaning correctly. This article starts from the primary myth of modern Chinese education. Different from the myth, I think knowing the charactercan be earlier than learning Mandarin Phonetic Symbols. Then, it goes through listing some Chinese scholars' view about enlightenment education. By doing this, we can think about the relationship between reading classics and knowing the character. Traditional enlightenment education has some characteristics: knowing the character before reading, reading before speaking, reading and writing are separated, paying attention on connecting the Mandarin word's shape, speaking and meaning, considering the Mandarin's speciality, and memorizing the knowledge by speaking out loud the classics. Therefore, it is a comprehensive and completed way to knowing the character. Traditional enlightenment education can provide extremely help for Chinese education nowadays. Especially the view of focusing on early education and believing in there's the family where children should be taught by knowing the character. These make us think deeply and become the important proof for Chinese education nowadays should teach earlier. Therefore, speaking out loud the classics and knowing the character can indeed combine. Language and literature are important abilities for individual. Using the ancient point of view to offer consultation for modern education, I write the article for the result below. Since childhood is the begin stage of Chinese education, parents and teachers should have the correct understanding to help children establish good learning ability. I hope this can give a hand to Chinese education nowadays.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Education ； initial ； knowing the character ； Traditional Enlightenment education ； Mandarin Phonetic Symbols