《山海經》中之醫療行為探究

The research of Medical treatment behaver of ＂The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂

朱天穎(Chu, Tien-Ying)

《語文教育學報》 6期 (2020/12) Pp. 1-44

摘要

《山海經》是中華民族流傳久遠的神話傳說，是原始先民依據生活中所聞所見，加上自我解讀及想像所創造出的神話世界。因此雖說是神話，但當中也具有相當多的先民生活資訊可供我們研究探討。《山海經》中的資訊包含山川地理、動植物及人民生活方式和上古傳說人物，不僅包含先民的想像與創造力，也涉及信仰、文化、生活模式。由於先民無法以科學解釋並掌握自然現象，因此在自然現象面前，產生崇敬和敬畏，並且以想像去解釋各種無法理解及控制的現象，其中醫療行為也是常見的一種。《山海經》所包含的知識在天文學、醫學、文字、文學、歷史、繪畫等方面都有不少貢獻，然而在各種研究《山海經》的成果當中，唯獨「醫療行為」相關的研究在數量上較為稀少。《山海經》中提到「醫療行為」的篇章卻有111處，如此多次被提到的議題卻較少人注意，確實讓人感到可惜。本研究試圖將《山海經》當中與醫療行為相關的內容做為研究題材，提供不同面向的理論與觀察點，深入探究其內涵及影響。本研究主要以袁珂《山海經校注》、郭璞《山海經傳》、等書為依據。研究方法主要是文獻分析法及歷史研究法。首先，從《山海經》中整理出相關的神話分類，並參酌古籍文獻，互為論證、比較，歸納整理，進行《山海經》神話中醫療行為的分析與探討。《山海經》中的醫療行為，大抵可分為「內服效果」、「外敷效果」、「佩戴效果」等；醫療行為依其功能性可分為「身體療效」、「心理療效」、「特殊能力效果」等，本研究擬從分析各類神話中之醫療行為，探索《山海經》神話中的醫療行為的形象與意涵。

關鍵字

《山海經》 ； 醫療 ； 神話

並列摘要

＂The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂ is a traditional myth of Chinese culture, it is based on cultural heritage with some imaginations from ancestors. Though it is classifying as myth, but there still have a large number of information of ancestors which we can research it. The information of ＂The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂ include geography, animal, ancestor's lifestyle and legend. This information contains ancestor's imaginations and creative, also include culture, faith. Because ancestors cannot understand natural phenomenon with science knowledge, therefore; they use imagination to explain it instead. This situation also happens in medical treatment behaver. ＂The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂ makes contribution to astronomy, medical, literately, art, history, and etc. However, there are not many research about medical treatment behaver in ＂The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂ research. Furthermore; there are 111 times medical treatment behaver mentioned in 'The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂. It is a pity not many research about medical treatment behaver in 'The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂. This research tries use medical treatment behaver as a topic, and plan to figure out the meaning and information behind ＂medical treatment behaver＂. This research use Yuan Ke's copy of ＂The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂ and Guo Pu's copy of ＂The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂ as the research text, and takes on Literature analysis method and historical research. Than analyzed and compared every ＂medical treatment behaver＂. In summary, the types of the medical treatment behaver of ＂The Classic of Mountains and Seas＂ are orally, external, and wear. And the effects of ＂medical treatment behaver＂ are physical effect, psychological effect and special effect.

並列關鍵字

The Classic of Mountains and Seas ； medical treatment behaver ； myth