日本院政时期上皇的礼制待遇

The Retired Emperor's Ritual Treatment in Japanese Insei Period

姜金言(JIANG Jin-yan) ； 戴宇(DAI Yu)

《史学集刊》 183期 (2019/07) Pp. 88-98

摘要

上皇是不从属于律令等级的、特殊的统治阶级成员，在史称“院政时代＂的1086－1192年的一百多年间上皇登上了权力的顶峰。这一时期上皇的地位表面上处在天皇之下，但实际的礼制待遇与天皇并无实质性差别，甚至超越天皇。上皇御所不固定且与皇居没有明确的从属关系，这种相对独立的居住环境有利于上皇权力的增长。上皇经济待遇的不断提升也为上皇施行院政提供了物质保证。同时，以上皇的妻妾子女和院司为主的随侍人员的地位及待遇的提高也间接地反映出上皇权力的增长。

關鍵字

上皇制度 ； 院政 ； 礼制待遇 ； 治天之君

並列摘要

The retired emperors were a special member of the ruling class who were not subordinate to the rank of laws and decrees. From 1086 to 1192, the retired emperors of Japan reached the peak of power. During this period, though their status seemed to be inferior to that of the current emperor, there was no substantial difference in the actual ritual treatment between them, even the former's treatment surpassed that of the latter. The relatively independent living environment is conducive to the growth of the retired emperors' power. The continuous improvement of their economic treatment provided material guarantee for them to carry out court administration. The improvement of the status and treatment of the retired emperors' wife, concubines, children, and their attendants, also reflected indirectly the growth of their power.

並列關鍵字

retired-emperor system ； Insei ； ritual treatment ； Titenn no kimi