族群政治与卢旺达大屠杀：基于历史维度的考察

Ethnic Politics and Rwandan Genocide: A Historical Perspective

蒋俊(JIANG Jun)

《史学集刊》 191期 (2020/11) Pp. 106-114

摘要

族群政治是现代多族群国家普遍存在的一种政治现象，这是基于族群利益并诉诸政治权力的族际互动，很多时候表现为对抗甚至冲突的形态。从卢旺达来看，在国家独立的重要历史关口，胡图族与图西族进行了激烈的权力争夺，从而建构起一种割裂和对立的族群政治。卢旺达独立后，对立的族群政治立场和以族群为界限的排他性统治，始终以显性或隐性方式存在。对于胡图族而言，这种族群政治拥有庞大的社会基础，广大族众被充分动员和组织起来争夺和维护“共有”資源，不仅取得所谓“多数人统治”的合法性与力量，且最终形成“多数人暴政”，并以大屠杀的方式呈现出最糟糕的结果。

關鍵字

卢旺达 ； 图西族 ； 胡图族 ； 族群政治 ； 大屠杀

並列摘要

Ethnic politics is a common political phenomenon in contemporary multi-ethnic state, it is a kind of inter - ethnic interaction based on ethnic interests aiming at political power, and often appears to be resistance or even conflict. In Rwanda, at the important historical turning point of its independence, Hutus and Tutsis struggled for the political power, and the ethnic politics characterized by Hutus-and-Tutsis separation and opposition was constructed. After the independence of Rwanda, the opposite ethnic political position and the exclusive rule based on ethnic groups always exist in the dominant or recessive way. For Hutu, this kind of ethnic politics has a huge social foundation. The majority of ethnic groups are fully mobilized and organized to fight for and keep the 'shared' resources, which not only obtained the legitimacy and strength of so-called ＂majority rule＂, but also formed the ＂tyranny of the majority＂, eventually resulted in the worst genocide.

並列關鍵字

Rwanda ； Hutu ； Tutsi ； ethnic politics ； Genocide