明代卫所制度设计与军户家族记忆的历史书写－以湖南新田骆氏家族为中心的考察

The Design of Weisuo (卫所) System in Ming Dynasty and the Historical Writing of Memory of the Military Family: Focusing on the Luo's (骆) Family in Xintian (新田), Hunan Province

彭勇(PENG Yong)

《史学集刊》 191期 (2020/11) Pp. 4-11

摘要

卫所制度是明代重要的军事和行政管理組织形式，在卫所制度的运行中，卫所军戶以军籍的身份存在，在相应的卫所里承担军差，而州县军户作为卫所军户的替补，以民户的身份存在，承平之时在州县承担民差，当卫所军戶故绝时会被勾出补役，身份也转变为卫所军戶。这样的卫所制度设计，影响了明代数以百万计的家庭，一直到明代灭亡并延续到清代。湖南新田骆氏家族的历史记载，在卫所军户和州县原籍军戶体系中各有清楚的呈现，通过《明史》《明实录》等传统文献和地方志等史志文献，以及家谱和碑刻等民间文献中不同的历史书写，来探寻两类军户关联的可能性、实现途径，以及隐约可见的军戶家族的历史记忆和家风传承，以此揭示卫所制度影响之下军戶族群关系及其身份变迁。

關鍵字

卫所制度 ； 军户 ； 锦衣卫 ； 家族记忆 ； 历史书写

並列摘要

Weisuo(卫所)was an important military organization and administrative system in the Ming Dynasty. In the operation of Weisuo system, the military family existed in the military status, and assumed the military duty in the corresponding Weisuo, while as a substitute for the military family of Weisuo, the military family of the prefectures and counties existed as civilian's family, taking on civilian tasks in peacetime. When the military family of Weisuo died out, the military family of the prefectures and counties would be forced to participate in the military service, and their identity also transformed into military family of Weisuo. The design of this system affected millions of families in the Ming Dynasty and lasted until its fall and continued in the Qing Dynasty. Historical records of the Luo's (骆) family in Xintian (新田), Hunan province, were clearly presented in the military family of Weisuo and the military family of the prefectures and counties. Through the History of Ming, The Memoir of Ming Dynasty and other traditional documents, local records and other historical documents, as well as different historical writings in folk literature such as genealogy and tablet inscriptions, this paper explores the possibility and ways to realize the association between the two types of military families, as well as the historical memories and family traditions of military families, thus revealing the ethnic relations and identity changes of military families under the influence of Weizuo system.

並列關鍵字

Weisuo(卫所) system ； military family ； Jinyiwei(锦衣卫) ； family memory ； historical writing