曹魏、西晋郊礼重构及其对郑玄、王肃说之择从

The Reconstruction of Sacrificial Ceremony for Heaven and Earth during the Wei and Jin Dynasties and the Choice of Explanation for Classical Works Between Zheng Xuan (郑玄) and Wang Su(王肃)

杨英(YANG Ying)

《史学集刊》 196期 (2021/09) Pp. 75-86

摘要

曹魏至西晋的郊礼重构是中古礼制一系列变革中的重要环节。曹魏郊礼由魏明帝下诏制定，西晋郊礼则是世家大族统治者为了再造理想社会所撰《新礼》的组成部分。西晋郊礼与曹魏相比出现了明显变化，最重要的变化是曹魏依从郑玄说，《新礼》则依从王肃说。此外，曹魏为了施行“先祖配天”还进行了祖先系谱的重构。曹魏、西晋郊礼对郑玄、王肃说的择从以及西晋雅乐的重构，说明中古早期的国家礼制在整体重构过程中，各组成部分之间在不断调适。西晋灭亡并没有使重构礼典的传统消失，后来建立的王朝仍在继续进行重构礼典的实践。

關鍵字

南北郊 ； 郑、王之学 ； 曹魏 ； 西晋 ； 郊礼 ； 《新礼》

並列摘要

The reconstruction of sacrificial ceremonies for Heaven and Earth from the Wei (魏) Dynasty to the Jin(晋) Dynasty is an important part in the chain of a series of early Chinese ancient ritual reform. The sacrifice to Heaven and Earth were determined by emperor Wei Mingdi's(魏明帝) edict, while the sacrifice to Heaven and Earth of Western Jin was part of The New Rites (《新礼》)which reflected the dream of the ruling elite class. There are some apparent differences between the sacrificial ceremonies for Heaven and Earth of Western Jin and that of Wei. The most important one is that Wei followed Zhengxuan's (郑玄) explanation while Jin followed that of Wang Su (王肃). Moreover, to carry out the sacrifice for venerating their royal ancestors, Wei had reconstructed the ancestral genealogies. The reconstruction of Wei and the Western Jin's Heaven and Earth sacrificing ceremonies , as well as the recreation of royal ceremonial music, showed that during the process of early Chinese ancient ceremonial evolution, each component had to adapt to others. The collapse of the Western Jin did not make the tradition of reconstructing rites disappear, and the later dynasties continued the practice of reconstructing rites.

並列關鍵字

places to worship Heaven and Earth by the emperors ； Zheng Xuan(郑玄) and Wang Su's(王肃) explanation for classical works ； the Cao and Wei Dynasties ； the Western Jin Dynasty ； sacrificing to Heaven and Earth ； The New Rites(《新礼》)