We use the data at the prefecture-level city level of land transfer from 2003 to 2013 to match the patent data of Chinese industrial enterprises to examine the impact of land resource misallocation on technological innovation of enterprises. The empirical study finds that at the micro-enterprise level, the mismatch of land resources caused by the expansion of industrial land supply has a significant inhibitory effect on technological innovation. The conclusion is still valid after the introduction of instrumental variables and the robustness test. Further mechanism analysis shows that land resource misallocation has an impact on enterprise innovation by affecting the structure of government fiscal expenditure, urban environmental quality and human capital accumulation.