China and Australia have long-established diplomatic relations, and the exchange and cooperation between the two sides in the field of agriculture trade have been deepening for more than 40 years. This paper analyzes the current situation of agricultural trade between the two countries, analyzes the competitiveness and complementarity of the two countries by measuring the TSC index and G-L index, and further explores the impact of intra-industry trade level on China-Australia agricultural trade using an improved gravity model. The results indicate that China-Australia agricultural trade is mainly inter-industry trade and has not yet entered the stage of dominant intra-industry trade. At present, there are problems such as non-tariff barrier restrictions, serious trade deficit, and low efficiency of logistics and transportation in the process of deepening agricultural trade cooperation between China and Australia. Based on this, this paper puts forward some countermeasure suggestions to promote more healthy and stable cooperation between China and Australia in the field of agriculture trade.