The logistics distribution vehicle scheduling problem is a kind of combinatorial optimization problem with great practical value. In recent years, my country's logistics operation has been generally stable, the scale of logistics demand has maintained a relatively high growth rate, and the logistics industry has grown steadily, but the logistics cost is still higher than that of other developed countries. The distribution vehicle scheduling route optimization problem involves both energy consumption and waste emissions. With people's attention to environmental issues, it once became a research hotspot at home and abroad. The paper firstly introduces the vehicle scheduling problem, and then discusses the research status of domestic and foreign related vehicle scheduling problems in detail from the two aspects of the precise algorithm and heuristic algorithm, summarizes the existing problems in the research, and discusses the development of logistics algorithms.