小型香腸式青貯法於牧草及啤酒粕之應用

本研究的主要目的在探討小型香腸式青貯法應用於國產芻料及啤酒粕的效果。試驗中共進行盤固草、狼尾草及玉米─啤酒粕三種不同材料之青貯，青貯二個月後，盤固草青貯料之pH值為4.2、Flieg氏青貯評分為56，狼尾草青貯料之pH值為4.1，Flieg氏青貯評分為76，玉米─啤酒粕青貯料之pH值為3.98，Flieg氏青貯評分為80，試驗中三種青貯料均無丁酸產生、pH維持4.2以下，且青貯評分均在良好或可以接受的標準以上，顯示小型香腸式青貯可適用於國產主要牧草或啤酒粕等之青貯。比較不同細切度盤固草青貯結果，不經細切直接青貯者，其青貯料之pH值高，含有大量丁酸且無乳酸，但經細切至12 cm以下，青貯品質明顯改善。為了解收穫後堆積對狼尾草品質及青貯的影響，於不同堆積時間下取樣，測定牧草組成份與草堆的溫度變化，堆積4小時後，草堆溫度即已上升，有覆蓋之草堆在堆積48小時後溫度升至最高，無覆蓋草堆之溫度上升更高且持續升至72小時。水溶性碳水化合物含量隨溫度的上升快速下降，堆積4小時，水溶性碳水化合物含量即減少20%以上，中洗纖維和酸洗纖維的含量都隨堆積時間增長而增加，但粗蛋白質含量及乾物量的變化較小。比較狼尾草新鮮收穫、堆積24小時、添加5%麩皮及萎凋24小時等青貯前處理之青貯品質，結果顯示pH值及Flieg氏青貯評分點分別為3.9，81；4.4，56；3.8，83；4.2，59。因此，狼尾草收穫後堆積難達到萎凋效果反而有青貯品質變劣情形，以添加麩皮調整狼尾草含水率較能達到預期效果。

關鍵字

青貯料品質；香腸式青貯；水溶性碳水化合物

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of applying small sausage for ensiling forage grasses and Brewer's grain. Pangolagrass, napiergrass, and corn-Brewer's grain were used as ensiling materials. Two months after ensiling, the pH values and Flieg's scores of pangolagrass silage, napiergrass silage, and corn-Brewer's grain silage were 4.2, 56; 4.1, 76; and 3.98, 80, respectively. There was no butyric acid produced in all kinds of silage. The pH values of these silages were lower than 4.2 and their Flieg's scores were higher than acceptable level. The results showed that the application of such method for ensiling forage grasses and Brewer's grain was appropriate. The effect of chop length on silage quality of pangolagrass was also compared. The pH value and butyric acid content of unchopped pangolagrass silage were high, and no lactic acid was produced. The silage quality of pangolagrass was improved significantly by chopping down below 12 cm. The temperatures of napiergrass piled up 4 hours later were increased obviously. The temperature for the pile with covering reached the highest 48 hours after piling up, while it kept increasing up to 72 hours in uncovered pile. The content of water-soluble carbohydrate decreased and neutral-detergent and acid-detergent fibers increased rapidly when the temperature of napiergrass pile was increased. However, dry matter and crude protein contents were not significantly changed as temperature increased. The silage quality of napiorgrass with green chop, 24 hours after piling up, 5% barn added and 24 hours after wilting were compared. The pH values and Flieg's scores of these silages were 3.9, 81; 4.4, 56; 3.8, 83; 4.2, 59 respectively. The results indicated that the silage quality of chopped napiergrass piled up after harvesting was decreased, and the addition of wheat bran could increase dry matter content and improve silage quality.

並列關鍵字

silage quality ； Sausage ensiling ； Water-soluble carbohydrate

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