甘藷等外品青貯料作為荷蘭泌乳牛飼糧之可行性評估

本試驗目的在研發適當的甘藷等外品青貯料，評估其作為乳牛飼料應用之可行性，以建立環保友善的農業模式。試驗首先製作11種甘藷＋毛豆莢＋麩皮小量青貯料（鮮重10：0：1逐級調整為0：10：1），隨著高澱粉甘藷的減低與高纖維豆莢的增加，青貯料的粗蛋白質與纖維增加、非纖維性碳水化合物（non-fibrous carbohydrate, NFC）與試管乾物質消化率（in vitro dry matter digestibility, IVDMD）降低；青貯過程降低青貯料pH達0.88單位與IVDMD達5.1%，綜合推薦甘藷＋毛豆莢＋麩皮9：1：1 到5：5：1五組青貯料具優良品質。荷蘭泌乳牛甘藷飼養試驗採用甘藷＋麩皮（10：1）比例調製膠膜香腸式青貯料，甘藷＋麩皮青貯料以取代飼糧中啤酒粕與大豆殼粒的方式，逐級添加為飼糧乾基的0、4.5、9或13.5%。將28頭乳量23 kg以上的乳牛逢機分成4組，分別群飼進行2次各24天的飼養試驗。試驗結果顯示，青貯過程可有效降低28.7% 新鮮甘藷的胰蛋白酶抑制因子活性。甘藷＋麩皮青貯料對泌乳牛的主要影響在促進牛隻乾物採食量但降低乳脂率（不添加組3.76%，添加三組平均3.40%，降幅9.7%，P ＜0.05），乳量有隨甘藷添加量增加而提高的趨勢。推測牛群泌乳性能表現主要受甘藷 + 麩皮添加組飼糧的低纖維與高NFC含量所影響，四組飼糧中洗纖維（neutral detergent fiber, NDF）含量依序自42.2%降低到32.1%，降幅20%；NFC則依序自31.0%增加到42.8%，增幅高達32%。甘藷等外品可作為乳牛高消化率高能量的飼料原料，但為避免乳脂率偏低，建議甘藷等外品應以取代精料中玉米的方式添加，以平衡飼糧營養分同時照護牛隻的健康與性能。

關鍵字

飼料資源；荷蘭泌乳牛；乳脂率；非纖維性碳水化合物；甘藷等外品

並列摘要

This study is aimed to explore the proper ensiling method for domestic sub-quality sweet potato (SSP) and its feasibility as a feed ingredient for lactating cows. Eleven silages constituted of SSP, soybean pod (SP) and wheat bran (WB) sequentially from 10:0:1 to 0:10:1 fresh weight ratios were formulated. With the decrease of high starch SSP and increase of high fiber SP, non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC), the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the silages were decreased and crude protein and fiber content increased. Ensiling effectively cut down the pH value by 0.88, decrease IVDMD by 5.1%, but has little effect on the crude protein and fiber contents. Due to the good quality, SSP + SP + WB silages from 9:1:1 to 5:5:1 ratio was recommended. In the feeding trial, silage formulated by SSP + WB at 10:1 fresh weight ratio was used. By substituting the wet brewer's grains and soybean hull pellet, SSP + WB silage was added into diets by 0, 4.5, 9, or 13.5% (DM basis). A total of 28 Holstein cows, with daily milk yield above 23 kg, were randomly assigned into four groups and group fed for 24-day feeding twice. Results showed that ensiling decreased 28.7% of the trypsin inhibitor activity in SSP. The main effect by adding SSP + WB silage was the high DM intake and the low milk fat percentage (control vs. three adding groups, 3.76 vs. 3.40%, P ＜ 0.05). Milk yield increased following the increasing addition of SSP + WB in diets. The low fiber and high NFC contents in diets may attributed to the response. NDF content was decreased by 20% from 42.2% to 32.1% and the NFC was increased sharply by 32% from 31.0% to 42.8%. SSP is an feed ingredient of high energy and digestibility for dairy cows. To avoid the milk fat reduction and the possible rumen acidosis, it is suggested that adding SSP in diet to substitute the corn in the grain mixture. This can balance the diet nutrition and maintain the rumen health and the cow milking performance.

並列關鍵字

Feed resource ； Holstein lactating cow ； Milk fat ； Non-fibrous carbohydrate ； Sub-quality sweet potato

國際替代計量

甘藷等外品青貯料作為荷蘭泌乳牛飼糧之可行性評估

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