長期施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥後殘餘效應對盤固草產量、品質及土壤地力之影響

本試驗研究的目的乃在探討盤固草（Digitaria decumbens Stent.）地經長期施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥後，殘餘效應對盤固草產量、品質及土壤地力之影響。試驗的方法是在經過長達7年施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥之盤固草試區，經施用化學肥料一年後，再恢復施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥。第一年的殘餘效應，原先施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥者仍有較高的株高及鮮重產量，乾物產量則除未施肥者較低外，其餘各處理間沒有顯著性差異。長期施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥後，其殘餘效應仍會影響各處理對礦物元素的攝取量，N素以全施豬糞者最高，Ca及Mg則以全施牛糞及豬糞堆肥者較高，P及K之攝取量在各處理間均無顯著性差異，Cu除未施肥者較低外，其他各處理間無顯著性差異，Zn則以全施豬糞堆肥者最高，其次為豬糞＋化肥者，其他各處理之間無顯著性差異。在第一年的殘餘效應中，施用堆肥者其土壤pH值仍比施化肥及未施肥者為高，且其電導度、有機質、N、P、K、Ca及Mg等含量均比施化肥及未施肥者為高，至於Cu及Zn的含量，施用堆肥者不一定比施化肥及不施肥者為高。恢復施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥後，施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥處理者，其產量及植體化學成分如P、K、Ca、Mg等均較施化肥及不施肥者為高，施豬糞堆肥區，植體中Cu及Zn含量乃最高。施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥，其礦物元素P、K、Ca及Mg等之攝取量均顯著大於全施化肥及未施肥者，Cu之攝取量以施豬糞＋化肥者最高，而Zn的攝取量以全施豬糞者最高，其次為施豬糞＋化肥者。施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥，會提高土壤中pH值、電導度、有機質及礦物質含量，全施豬糞堆肥者，其土壤則含有最高的Cu及Zn的含量。由以上可知，盤固草地經長期施用牛糞及豬糞堆肥後，其殘餘效應確有改善地力的效果，對農業永續經營是有助益的，唯需加強追蹤土壤Cu及Zn之累積效應。

關鍵字

盤固草；堆肥；牧草產量；牧草品質；土壤地力；殘餘效應

並列摘要

The objectives of this study were to determine the residue effects of cattle and hog manures on forage yield and quality of pangolagrass(Digitaria decumbens Stent.)and soil fertility after receiving long term manure application. An experimental field of pangolagrass received 7 years of cattle and hog manure application was used. The plots were applied the same amount of chemical fertilizer for the 1^(st) year, and then were received the different manure applications again. The residue effects of manure application were observed in the 1^(st) year. Plant heights and fresh forage yields were higher in the plots originally received cattle and hog manure application. No difference was observed for dry matter yields among treatments except that of no fertilizer applied. The uptakes of minerals in pangolagrass were affected by the residue effects of manure application. The amounts of N uptake were the highest in the plot receiving only hog manure. Both Ca and Mg uptakes were the highest for the plots with cattle and hog manures applied only. No difference was observed for both P and K uptakes among all the treatments. There was no difference for Cu uptake among treatments except the treatment with no fertilizer. The amount of Zn uptake was the highest for the plot receiving hog manure only, followed by that receiving hog manure + chemical fertilizer. The pH values in soil with manure application were higher than those with chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer. The electric conductivity and the contents of organic matter, N, P, K, Ca and Mg in soil for the treatments with manure application were higher than those with chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer. The contents of Cu and Zn in soil were not consistent with manure application. After recovering to apply manures according to the treatments, the forage yields and the chemical compositions of plant, i.e., P, K, Ca and Mg, for the treatments receiving cattle and hog manures were higher than those with chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer. The contents of Cu and Zn were the highest for the treatment with hog manure only. The amounts of P, K, Ca and Mg uptakes of pangolagrass for the plots receiving cattle and hog manures were higher than those with chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer. The uptake of Cu was the highest for the treatment with hog manure+chemical fertilizer, while the uptake of Zn was the highest for the treatment with hog manure only. The results showed that the residue effects of long term manure application could improve soil fertility and was helpful for sustainable agriculture. It is suggested that it is required to determine the contents of Cu and Zn in soil for long period.

並列關鍵字

Digitaria decumbens ； Manure ； Forage yield ； Forage quality ； Soil fertility ； Residue effect

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